- Time Period: The Great War
- Institution: 9 July 1918
- Country: United States
The Silver Star Medal (known unofficially as the Silver Star or SSM) is the United States Armed Forces’ third-highest personal decoration for valor in combat. The medal is awarded primarily to members of the United States Armed Forces for gallantry in action against an enemy of the United States, so long as the action did not justify one of the next higher valor awards.
Throughout its history, the Silver Star has been awarded to numerous deserving individuals who have demonstrated extraordinary valor and bravery in defense of the United States. It remains a highly esteemed medal within the U.S. military, honoring the exceptional sacrifices made by service members.
The Silver Star Medal was also awarded for singular acts of valor or heroism over a brief period, such as one or two days of a battle.
The History of the Silver Star Medal
The Silver Star was established on July 19, 1932, by an act of the U.S. Congress. It was initially created as the “Silver Star Medal” and was primarily intended to recognize the heroism of individuals in the U.S. Army during World War I. The medal was retroactively authorized to be awarded for acts of valor dating back to April 6, 1917, the entry of the United States into World War I.
Over time, the eligibility for the Silver Star was expanded beyond the Army to include all branches of the U.S. armed forces. This includes the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, and Coast Guard. It is awarded to members of these branches for gallantry in action against an enemy of the United States.
The Silver Star Criteria and Recognition
The Silver Star is awarded for acts of extraordinary heroism, typically involving great personal risk and bravery. It is often bestowed upon those who display exceptional valor in combat, where their lives are in immediate danger.
The actions for which the Silver Star is awarded must be of such a high degree that they are worthy of recognition above and beyond the requirements for other medals.
The Silver Star Medal Design
The Silver Star Medal is a gold five-pointed star measuring 1 1⁄2 inches (38 mm) in diameter.
Its obverse shows a laurel wreath encircling rays and a silver star superimposed in the center. The reverse has the inscription FOR GALLANTRY IN ACTION.
The medal is worn as a ribbon on the uniform, and the recipient also receives a medal with an appropriate citation that details the specific acts of valor or distinguished service.
The Department of Defense does not keep extensive records for the Silver Star Medal, but independent groups estimate that some 100,000 to 150,000 SSMs were awarded.
